The return of Rasmus, who opened the season on the DL after having offseason hip surgery, reduces the number of Rays players on the DL to eight.
Rasmus signed a one-year, $5 million free-agent contract with Tampa Bay on Jan. 30.
Peterson hit .263 with one home run and six RBIs in 14 games for the Rays this season.
Bill Chastain has covered the Rays for MLB.com since 2005. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.
Two pitchers hoping to get on track will start for the Rays and the Marlins at 7:10 p.