The 27-year-old gold medalist in snowboard slopestyle here and four years earlier in Sochi on Thursday added silver medal in big air.
Anna Gasser of Austria landed a monster jump on her final run, scoring 96.00 for a total of 185, to move past Anderson for gold. Anderson skipped her final run and scored 177.25.
Gasser needed something big, and the gold-medal favorite delivered. Zoi Sadowski Synnott of New Zealand took bronze.
The USA's Julia Marino finished 10th, and Jessika Jenson 11th.
In the final, the riders each had to land two different tricks, spinning different ways, and the total score decided the winner.