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They Made History at Alabama. But Football Stardom Had a Price.

At least four fixtures of Alabama’s great teams of the 1960s had chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or C.T.E., at their deaths. Researchers expect it in other players, too.

Ray Perkins’s family, including his daughters, Shelby, left, and Rachael, right, and his wife, Lisa, center, allowed scientists to study his brain after he died in 2020.Credit...Charity Rachelle for The New York Times

TUSCALOOSA, Ala. — Near the end, his brain deteriorated after almost a lifetime around football, Ray Perkins was still captivated by the sport.

Perkins, who played and coached at Alabama and led the N.