From the wonderful basketball-reference.com you can peruse all 41 Gopher hoopers that played in either the NBA or ABA (would be cool to find a site that also tracks the pro careers of guys playing overseas). If you want to read about (and see some awesome 1970s fashion) the only Minnesota player ever taken #1 overall in the NBA Draft check out this #TBT post from last year.
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The first professional players to come out of the University of Minnesota are a trio that played in 1947, Tony Jaros, Don Carlson, and Kleggie Hermsen (great name, Kleggie).