Footballers are at just as much risk of dementia now as they were when players like Jeff Astle, Bobby and Jack Charlton headed rain-sodden, heavy-leather footballs in the 1960s and 70s, say researchers and campaigners.
Although balls are lighter, they now travel more quickly – up to 80mph in the professional game – and as a result can cause even more damage, according to new research.
The sad news that Manchester United and England legend Sir Bobby Charlton, 83, has been diagnosed with the degenerative brain condition has prompted fresh debate over what can be done to protect the current generation of footballers.