In many adventure and RPG, games you will face enemies that you will attempt to learn how to deal with in the course of a single engagement. Regular enemies will be relatively simple to deal with and you may not even need to learn their mechanics. Bosses can be a bit more difficult but as they use moves that remove a chunk of your health you might have to back off and recover but you’ll now be able to recognize that move and deal with it in the course of the same fight.
There is a similar but slightly different video game genre called Souls-like.